Chlorinated Solvents - Revision history

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‎Physical & Chemical Properties

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Jhurley at 17:01, 25 July 2018

2018-07-25T17:01:39Z

Jhurley at 14:20, 25 July 2018

2018-07-25T14:20:34Z

Admin at 18:38, 16 May 2018

2018-05-16T18:38:15Z

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 <div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div>
 '''Related Article(s):'''
-*[[Soil & Groundwater Contaminants]]
-*[[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Chlorinated Solvents]]
+*[[Biodegradation - Cometabolic]]
 *[[Biodegradation - Reductive Processes]]
 *[[Low pH Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div>
 '''Related Article(s):'''
 *[[Soil & Groundwater Contaminants]]
 *[[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Chlorinated Solvents]]
@@ Line 9: / Line 8: @@
-'''CONTRIBUTOR(S): ''' [[Dr. Bilgen Yuncu, P.E.]] and [[M. Tony Lieberman]]
+'''Contributor(s): ''' [[Dr. Bilgen Yuncu, P.E.]] and [[M. Tony Lieberman]]

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 Chlorinated solvents and many of their transformation products are colorless liquids at room temperature. They are heavier than water with densities greater than 1 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm<sup>3</sup>) which means they can penetrate deeply into an aquifer. They are relatively volatile compounds with relatively high [[wikipedia:Henry’s Law|Henry’s Law]] constants(K<sub>H</sub>), a measure of the strength of partitioning from water into air). Generally, when K<sub>H</sub> for a compound exceeds 0.2 atmosphere/mole fraction (atm/M), they can readily be removed from water by air stripping it. Most chlorinated solvents can be classified as sparingly soluble in water, with aqueous solubilities generally on the order of 10s to 100s of mg/L. As the number of chlorine atoms on a compound increases, the solubility decreases. Because of their relatively low solubilities, chlorinated solvents dissolve slowly in groundwater. Another consequence of their limited solubility is their tendency to occur in the subsurface as a separate immiscible liquid phase which, because of its density compared to water, tends to sink in groundwater.  Under these conditions, these are referred to as [[wikipedia:DNAPL|dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)]]. Although chlorinated solvents are not very soluble in water, their solubility is typically orders of magnitude greater than their established [http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/#Organic drinking water standards].
 Chlorinated solvents can be considered moderately hydrophobic which can be determined by their [[wikipedia:Partition coefficient|octanol-water partition coefficient]]s (K<sub>ow</sub>, a measure of the tendency of a substance to prefer an organic or oily phase rather than an aqueous phase). Log K<sub>ow</sub> values less than 3 indicate that the compound does not sorb strongly to aquifer solids, but can be removed readily by activated carbon. On the other hand, compounds with log K<sub>ow</sub> less than 2, such as VC, generally are not removed well by activated carbon either<ref name="CS2010" />.
 ==References==

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 <!-- class="wikitable" -->
-{| class="mw-collapsible wikitable" style="margin: auto; color:black; background-color:white; width: 70%;"
+{| class="mw-collapsible wikitable" style="margin: auto; color:black; background-color:white; width: 100%;"
 |+Table 1. Nomenclature, Structure, Chemical and Physical Properties of Most Widely Used Chlorinated Solvents<ref name="CS2010" />.
 |- style="color:white; background-color:#476b6b; text-align:center;"
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 | Henry's Law Constant<sup>a</sup>
 | Log K<sub>ow</sub>
-| MCL<sup>b</sup> (μg/L)
+| MCL<sup>b</sup> (mg/L)
 |-
 | colspan="12" style="color:black; background-color:#94b8b8;"|Chlorinated Methanes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 25 July 2018
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	*[[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Chlorinated Solvents]]		*[[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Chlorinated Solvents]]
	*[[Biodegradation - Reductive Processes]]		*[[Biodegradation - Reductive Processes]]
		+	*[[Low pH Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination]]

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