PFAS Monitored Retention (PMR) and PFAS Enhanced Retention (PER)

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Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Monitored Retention (PMR) is an approach for managing PFAS-affected sites that relies on natural retention processes that can lessen the migration and maximum concentrations of many PFAS at impacted sites. Because PFAS have not yet been shown to degrade to harmless end products by natural abiotic or biological actions, these retention processes (e.g., sorption, matrix diffusion) are expected to be the primary factors that dictate how PFAS behave and move in the environment [1] [2][3][4][5][6][7], and they form the basis for PMR. The PMR concept has been incorporated into a framework (the “PMR Framework”) that can help users determine the suitability of PMR at a specific site or identify the highest priorities among a portfolio of PFAS-affected groundwater sites. The Framework provides guidance on collecting different types of data (lines of evidence) to support a PMR evaluation. It also describes enhanced retention strategies known as PFAS Enhanced Retention (PER) that may be applicable for management of sites where natural retention is insufficient on its own to protect downgradient receptors.

Contents

Related Article(s):


Contributor(s): Dr. David Adamson, P.E., Dr. Charles Newell, P.E. and Dr. Hans Stroo

References

  1. ^ Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) PFAS Team, 2023. Technical/Regulatory Guidance: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. ITRC PFAS Home Page Report pdf
  2. ^ Newell, C.J., Adamson, D.T., Kulkarni, P.R., Nzeribe, B.N., Connor, J.A., Popovic, J., and Stroo, H.F., 2021a. Monitored Natural Attenuation to Manage PFAS Impacts to Groundwater: Scientific Basis. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, 41(4), pp.76–89. doi: 10.1111/gwmr.12486 Article pdf
  3. ^ Newell, C.J., Adamson, D.T., Kulkarni, P.R., Nzeribe, B.N., Connor, J.A., Popovic, J., and Stroo, H.F., 2021b. Monitored Natural Attenuation to Manage PFAS Impacts to Groundwater: Potential Guidelines. Remediation Journal, 31(4), pp. 7–17. doi: 10.1002/rem.21697 Article pdf
  4. ^ Adamson, D.T., Kulkarni, P.R., Nickerson, A., Higgins, C.P., Field, J., Schwichtenberg, T., Newell, C., and Kornuc, J.J., 2022. Characterization of relevant site-specific PFAS fate and transport processes at multiple AFFF sites. Environmental Advances, 7, 100167. doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100167 Article pdf
  5. ^ Brusseau, M.L., 2018. Assessing the Potential Contributions of Additional Retention Processes to PFAS Retardation in the Subsurface. Science of The Total Environment, 613–614, pp. 176–185. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.065. Article pdf
  6. ^ Guelfo, J.L., Korzeniowski, S., Mills, M.A., Anderson, J., Anderson, R.H., Arblaster, J.A., Conder, J.M., Cousins, I.T., Dasu, K., Henry, B.J., Lee, L.S., Liu, J., McKenzie, E.R., and Willey, J., 2021. Environmental Sources, Chemistry, Fate, and Transport of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: State of the Science, Key Knowledge Gaps, and Recommendations Presented at the August 2019 SETAC Focus Topic Meeting. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 40(12), pp. 3234-3260. doi: 10.1002/etc.5182 Article pdf
  7. ^ Guo, B., Zeng, J., and Brusseau, M.L., 2020. A Mathematical Model for the Release, Transport, and Retention of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Vadose Zone. Water Resources Research, 56(2), e2019WR026667. doi:10.1029/2019WR026667 Article pdf
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